When the Soviet offensive resumed on 16 April, two Soviet fronts ( army groups) attacked Berlin from the east and south, while a third overran German forces positioned north of Berlin. The first defensive preparations at the outskirts of Berlin were made on 20 March, under the newly appointed commander of Army Group Vistula, General Gotthard Heinrici. On 9 March, Germany established its defence plan for the city with Operation Clausewitz. Īfter the Vistula–Oder offensive of January–February 1945, the Red Army had temporarily halted on a line 60 km (37 mi) east of Berlin. The Battle of Berlin, designated as the Berlin Strategic Offensive Operation by the Soviet Union, and also known as the Fall of Berlin, was one of the last major offensives of the European theatre of World War II.
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